O Level Mathematics — Sets

Two subjects. One overlap.
Every student accounted for.

Numbers, demystified.

O Level Past Paper Style Question

In a class of 40 students:

  • 18 study Mathematics (M)
  • 15 study Biology (B)
  • 12 study both Mathematics and Biology
(a)Draw a Venn diagram to represent this information.
(b)Find the number of students who study only Mathematics.
(c)Find the number of students who study only Biology.
(d)Find the number of students who study neither Mathematics nor Biology.
(e)If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student studies: (i) Mathematics only (ii) Biology only (iii) Both subjects
Solved step by step
U = 40 students M B n(M) = 18 n(B) = 15 6 12 3 19 Maths only M ∩ B Biology only Neither subject

n(M) = 18  ·  n(B) = 15  ·  n(M ∩ B) = 12

Working

PART —
(a) Place n(M∩B) = 12 in the overlap first, then the given totals around it.
(b) Only Maths = n(M) − n(M∩B) = 18 − 12 6
(c) Only Biology = n(B) − n(M∩B) = 15 − 12 3
(d) Neither = 40 − (6 + 12 + 3) 19
(e) Probability = favourable outcomes ÷ 40
(i) Maths only
320
(ii) Biology only
340
(iii) Both
310

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